EQUIPMENT. The only exception is that if you use a broadcast spreader then you need to mix the seed with sand or sawdust. WW-B. (private lake, pond, creek) Acreage Off Market $1,960,543 WATER, WATER AND MORE WATER. Dahl Bluestem is a introduced warm-season grass that is best adapted to areas receiving from 15 to 35 inches of average rainfall. For Sale: Single Family home, $1,685,000, 7 Bd, 6 Ba, 4,922 Sqft, $342/Sqft, at 2301 County Road 227, Blanket, TX 76432Dive into the research topics of 'Developmental morphology of WW-B. WW-B DAHL BLUESTEM; T-587 BLUESTEM; MEDIO BLUESTEM; KLEBURG BLUESTEM; KING RANCH BLUESTEM; GORDO BLUESTEM; KLEIN. 2010. 'GANADA' is more winter hardy but less productive than Plains, WW-Spar, and WW-Iron Master. 0. Phone: 806-652-3504. cultivars are King Ranch, Plains, Ganada, WW–Spar, and WW–Iron Master. (361) 881-8626; jaime@buffelgrassseed. No Thumbnail Available . Additionally, WW-B. This is an example of how your B-Dahl field retains water after rain. caucasica was grown had the highest BD (1. 36 Mg m–3) and B. Had we had enough on hand, we would not have had to sell 75% of our herd later that year. Carlos VillaloboThe front 80 acres are planted in WW-B Dahl Grass, providing approx 400 bales per cutting. Try it. Location. ] Pers) grass, and the difference is statistically significant (P ¼ 0. ABSTRACT. In 2015 we welcomed an increase in seed cleaning and native grass harvesting capacity. The stems are often yellowish in color. Allen Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 ABSTRACT Selective grazing can exaggerate the difference between quality of standing forage in the pasture as a whole, and quality of forage actually consumed. Dahl grass for grazing and seed and several agricultural fields. TIGERCO. The alfalfa and WW-B Dahl mixture doesn’t need nitrogen fertilizer, which saves money. Ranch Foreman), (432) 770-1482 (Van. WW-B Dahl grass is an old world bluestem from India. 70. B Dahl Bluestem Hay & Seed for Sale, Delivery Available WW B DAHL. Due to the lack of information on the environmental conditions in which WW-B. Today's PostsThis study evaluated the electrophysiological effect, toxicity and repellency of five eugenol derivatives against S. Dahl. 1983; Lofgren 1986; Adams et al. Blake] Through Its Phenologycal Cycle. WW-B DAHL BLUESTEM; T-587 BLUESTEM; MEDIO BLUESTEM; KLEBURG BLUESTEM; KING RANCH BLUESTEM; GORDO BLUESTEM; KLEIN. Brosig B-Dahl Grass Seed, Eden, Texas. (pounds) Warm season perennial tufted bunch grass. net. 4% of the system was divided equally into 2-paddocks for two stages of a small grain forage–cotton rotation (0. Dahl grass (Bothriochloa bladhii Retz) ST Blake. Klein grass was introduced from Africa. / Villalobos, Jose. Blake], Texas Tech University, USA. Custom seeding available - Call for Service Area. novatech Well-known member. ) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. Perennial. C. Mature height is about two to four feet tall. It is very productive considering the input cost compared to other permanent pastures. 00. DAHL PASTURES TO PRODUCE BEEF: POTENTIAL TO RELIEVE AQUUFER IRRIGATION AND SUSTAIN MORE INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE FOR DIVERSE WESTERN RANGELAND CONDITIONSAnt are really bad this year and there on everything and there in my hen house and on my corn also around the pig pens I would pefer only one product for both uses. Back half of property is used for cattle, goats, hunting and recreational activities. ] Pers) grass, and the difference is statistically. T. , 2007). WW B. WW B. Next year's crop depends on not only the seed produced but the plants from this year. Zilverberg* Vivien G. Soil PH range 5. Dahl” Old World Bluestem is Bothriochloa bladhii. Brosig B-Dahl Grass Seed, Eden, Texas. Well trying to please horse people is a tall order. The Grass is Always Greener on Our Side of the Fence. WW-B DAHL BLUESTEM; T-587 BLUESTEM; MEDIO BLUESTEM; KLEBURG BLUESTEM; KING RANCH BLUESTEM; GORDO BLUESTEM; KLEIN. WW-B Dahl Bluestem Variety Not Stated Bothriochloa bladhii Introduced Perennial Warm 12/1 - 6/1 1. Nov 12, 2012. 0 X; I W; 3/1 - 5/15Wrangler bermudagrass is an improved, seeded forage-type bermudagrass with superior cold tolerance. Try it. We also make some Coastal hay. B Dahl Bluestem Hay & Seed for Sale, Delivery Available. Starter Fertilizer (15-15-15) at a rate of 50 Lbs Lbs/ 6,000 ft2. He had Tifton 85 Bermuda sprigged about 10-15 yrs. It will thrive even on soils with low fertility. Generally Ironmaster is less productive than WW-Spar but has a higher leaf:stem ratio. >WW-B. KR Bluestem grass is very invasive and spreads all over your place from seed , I planted WW B Dahl Old World. T. NORTHWEST. Mikrobiologi Lingkungan. Soil Science Society of America Journal; Urban Agriculture & Regional Food SystemsAdditionally, WW-B. Pearcy Angus Ranch has invested in specialized grass seed harvesting equipment, and harvests WW-B. AgNColorado. The Bermuda thinned but filled back in choking out the native grass and. Location. B-Dahl is extremely productive with no fertilizer but is very responsive to a light dose of fertilizer. This grass has proven to thrive and grow in rain deprived areas. "WW B. Dahl’ old world bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) grown in the Texas High Plains. Dahl had about one-third the fire ant mounds found in adjacent pastures of native grass or coastal bermuda (Cynodon dactylon [L. Old World bluestems include several species of warm-season grasses that were. Dahl grass showed some grass spread beyond its original field of planting, which increased with age of field. We also make some Coastal hay. Dahl’ old world bluestem Cody J. Dahl grows, primary abiotic characteristics were compiled where B. I also noticed around the edges that where the bunch grass wasn't growing, the grass was ate down to the root. Dahl grass are found together throughout central and north Texas. A. Blake] is a persistent pasture grass in the semi-arid Texas High Plains. It has an ability to establish and flourish in bare soils. 8 900,000A lot of the B Dahl grown in Texas came from my field. Dahl is successfully grown in central and northern Texas. T. Quantitative analysis by GC and GC–MS methods revealed a. 0 900,000 WW-Spar Bluestem Variety Not Stated Bothriochloa ischaemum Pakistan Perennial Warm 12/1 - 6/1 1. no-grazing on minerals within the top 5 cm of soil was investigated. Email: [email protected] – 8. Total stocker steer gains increase with increasing nitrogen and irrigation use. Most people will grab up junk coastal over great B Dahl just because its coastal and it's. Several yrs back I custom baled some green Klein grass & for some unknown reason cows would barely eat the hay. Since its introduction to the United States 75 years ago, the ant has spread across the southeast through Texas into California and causes over $6. Klein grass was introduced from Africa. We specialize in W. Together they form a unique fingerprint. #1. 00 PLS Splitbeard Bluestem Native $60. J+. Dahl. Blue Grass (Kentucky) 3 12 1346810 1 Blue Grass (Park Kentucky) 1 4 6 10 13 17 19 21 Blue Grass (Sherman Big) 01456890 1 Canola* 1 6 10 15 19 23 27 32. , 1995). Apply 2 pounds of pure live B. of Texas and focusing on WW-B. Plateau (2 fl. It thrives in a variety of soils. Since the drought of 2022, we have not been selling our hay. 5-bath, 4,922 sqft property. S. Old World Bluestem WW-B Dahl $26. This grass has shown in recent years to provide outstanding hay forage along with increased cattle numbers. Conventional control techniques. Dahl’ Old World bluestem [OWB, Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S. Stephen Weidmier 800-432-4020 . Repellants can be very useful in managing red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, particularly in some. In addition to. My neighbor has B-Dahl grass & tells me it's very good for N Texas weather. Dahl grows, primary abiotic characteristics were compiled where B. WW Spar Bluestem is winter hardy and. 2009. RIFA and WW-B. 6% of total system land area was the perennial warm-season grass WW-B. Box 369. Dahl” Old World Bluestem is Bothriochloa bladhii. PS-OT2. Gallagher's Smart Fence. 5-3 inches. Warm-season grass forage quality Forage quality measurements (protein, fiber, digestibility) of warm-season grasses. Carlos VillaloboThe overarching goal of their research is to reduce the water footprint used on cattle grazing grass without negatively affecting the rate of gain of the cattle. A quick comment on the WW B Dahl. Start spreading the seed over the soil. bluestem, B. Tested as RAD-CD1 in the latest NTEP (National Turfgrass Evaluation Program) trial (2007 – 2012) it is a seeded variety selected for improved turf performance, disease resistance, excellent color, texture and broad adaptation. caucasica was grown had the highest BD (1. Invasive Plant Sci. This grass has shown in recent years to provide outstanding hay forage along with increased cattle numbers. Gordo does not start rapid growth until summer, but. Dahl is a warm-season perennial ‘tufted’ bunchgrass with an upright growth habit. In this paper we develop a biological and economic single-season model of dryland grazing. Wrangler is the most widely planted, true cold tolerant seeded forage bermudagrass in the United States. Ind. 'GANADA' is more winter hardy but less productive than Plains, WW-Spar, and WW-Iron Master. ) land to dryland or low-irrigation production of WW-B. 454 Florida Entomologist 97(2) June 2014 INTERFERENCE OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF SOLENOPSIS INVICTA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) Jie Wang, Xiaolong Qiu, ling Zeng and YiJuan Xu* Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaPastures planted with WW-B. Weeping Lovegrass grows better on light, well drained soils. 8 900,000 A lot of the B Dahl grown in Texas came from my field. This is really nice small tract that is very diversified in nature with cattle grazing, Pecan production, hunting and fishing, recreation. Blake] Seed. 3. Dahl seed for every acre of land being planted. In addition to carbon flux measurements, other continuous. Essential oil composition of ‘WW-B. Earl Thigpen Well-known member. net Silver Creek Farm is a. Based on external. Dahl grass. T. The carbon fluxes were used to calculate the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net primary production (NPP) from these two contrasting fields in the study. Steers were stocked in Dec. B Dahl Bluestem Hay. Soil temperatures should be 65F or higher. Walk at a consistent pace in straight, even lines to spread the seed evenly over the entire area. “I’m a little concerned about Bermuda grass up in this country,” he said. Bluestem, WW B Dahl: 1-2 pls: ¼” Apr-May: Good in loams and clays, Fair in sandy soils. Dahl is successfully grown in central and northern Texas. Excellent drought tolerance. 93 ha each). Dahl had about one-third the fire ant mounds found in adjacent pastures of native grass or coastal bermuda (Cynodon dactylon [L. WW-B DAHL BLUESTEM; T-587. 31 Mg m–3). 00 /lbs. Dahl Bluestem is a introduced warm-season grass that is best adapted to areas receiving from 15 to 35 inches of average rainfall. Dahl field across a road had no red ant mounds. . They've tried and tested many other grasses and firmly believe in this grass as a staple for hearty growth as forage for livestock. Since its introduction to the United States 75 years ago, the ant has spread across the southeast through Texas into California and causes over $6. P: 124-128. Dahl OWB established once in 1998 at 3 lb PLS/acre. WW-B Dahl Grasses. B-Dahl roots run deep which is very beneficial for avoiding soil erosion. Phone: 806-652-3504. Dahl, named for Dr. Dahl' (jointly released in 1994 by Texas Tech, TAEX, and the Soil Conservation Service in 1994) the most recent release of Old World Bluestems and originated in India. T. In general, you will have better odds selling coastal to any one. 14 ha) of the area consisted of a perennial warm-season grass ‘WW-B. T. The only exception is that if you use a broadcast spreader then you need to mix the seed with sand or sawdust. cultivars are King Ranch, Plains, Ganada, WW–Spar, and WW–Iron Master. Scheduled Saturday, September 14, 2023 in Fairy, Texas at PAR’s Sales Facility at noon (between Hico & Hamilton, Texas) – 17796 FM 1602 Hico, Texas. Dahl, an old world bluestem grass. WW-B DAHL BLUESTEM; T-587 BLUESTEM; MEDIO BLUESTEM; KLEBURG BLUESTEM; KING RANCH BLUESTEM; GORDO BLUESTEM; KLEIN. Results Per Page 1 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 Sort Options Ascending Descending . KB Bhandari, CP. Carlos VillaloboAgronomic: grass (misc. It is very productive considering the input cost compared to other permanent pastures. Dahl. ischaemum had the lowest (1. 75-90 day maturity. Oc t O B e r 24, 2018 YO u r MO n t a g u e cO u n t Y ne w s sO u r c e Lega L Notices • auto • emp Loyme Nt • mercha Ndise • services LOTS OF GAME On this 13 + acres with a very nice double-wide home with open floor plan. Old World bluestems include several species of warm-season. Large oak trees and elevation changes provide excellent cover for the abundant wildlife that call the ranch home. Key Words: kleingrass, lovegrass, old world bluestem, digit-grass, flaccidgrass, buffelgrass Animal production from rangeland-forage systems accounts for more than one-half of the annual $13 billion of agricultural. WW-B. Pastures planted with WW-B. Good cold tolerance, fair drought and salt tolerance. Aug 22, 2019. Dahl grass showed some grass spread beyond its original field of planting, which increased with age of field. Dahl’ $31. Dahl Old World bluestem in May 2007 at a seeding rate of 2. “A rancher is nothing more than a grass farmer,” said Billy Paul Vinson, manager of the Dixon Creek division of the 6666 Ranch, headquartered in Carson County. MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE PASTIZALES VI Simposio Internacional de Pastizales 4 al 7 de Noviembre de 2009 EFECTO DE ABONOS ORGÁNICOS E INORGÁNICOS EN LA. Cattle find this hay quite tasty, and sometimes prefer it to Coastal. It is late-maturing, produces more nutritive value, but it doesn’t have quite the level of drought tolerance as does Spar. Dahl Grass [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S. Dahl”-alfalfa mixture: Bhandari et al. It is typically more productive, has broader leaves, slightly more palatable,, and matures later than other cultivars. Klein grass response to fertilizer and does better in years with more precipitation. Introduced. It has low to moderate shade tolerance, occurring naturally in savannahs, open forests and grasslands. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politicsEffect of Defoliation Patterns and Developmental Morphology on Forage Productivity and Carbohydrate Reserves inHigh rates of water withdrawal from the Ogallala aquifer threatens sustainability of various agricultural uses. Due to the lack of information on the environmental conditions in which WW-B. WW-B. 5 2 4 8 12 19 Brush 2. Seeding Rigs for RentTEXAS PASTURE GRASS REPELLENCY TO THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT by TROY STERNBERG, B. . #1. BillDahl, was released jointly by the USDA-ARS, USDA-SCS, Texas Tech University, and theTexas Agricultural Experiment Station. This grass strongly. It. Dahl and the other featuring a different grass, such as Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon [L. #1. Covered RV and a. ) Pers) grass, and the difference is. OWB cultivars were developed from introduced germplasm and have been selected for different disease7,623. At each site, we studied two adjacent plots, one with established WW-B. DAHL Pastures to Produce Beef: Potential to Relieve Aquufer Irrigation and Sustain More Intensive Agriculture for Diverse Western Rangeland ConditionsThese fields include a center-pivot irrigated pasture of WW-B. OWB cultivars were developed from introduced germplasm and have been selected for different diseaseTrue bugs, grasshoppers, and spiders were among the more abundant canopy arthropods in pastures. Dahl is a warm-season C 4 perennial bunch grass with peak growth generally occurring in mid- to late. dahl. Dahl grass is more water use efficient than other OWB grasses (Philipp et al. Dahl and wondered what the reviews are on it. No difference was found in the number ofCROP AND QUALITY OF WW-B. Lockney, Texas. Location. 95 red imported fire ant mounds per acre on a Bermuda grass field. Erosion Control – Weeping Lovegrass germinates quickly and can be mixed with other grasses to provide a quick stand of vegetation for erosion control on sandy soils. P. T. Klein grass (Selection-75) is a warm season, introduced, perennial bunch grass used primarily for grazing and hay production. Pollinator abundance in semi-arid pastures as affected by forage species. It is a blue-stem perennial that grows in tufts of grass. #6. Bermuda hybrids really need more tlc. Texas Tech University, Jose Francisco Villanueva-Avalos, August 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my sincere and profound gratitude to my major professor Dr. Maya will establish a superior bermudagrass turf throughout the warm. This hearty, drought resistant Grass Seed is avaiWW-B. We selected 25 sites, providing a geographically variable sample group (Fig. Gulf Coast of South Texas. Dahl OWB established once in 1998 at 3 lb PLS/acre. annual), grass (misc. Introduced/ Native: Introduced. Silver Creek Farm is a family owned and operated registered cow-calf operation in the Texas Panhandle. Plant Height: 20-30 inches. A single plant can. 231 likes. A single plant can mature to take over a whole square yard of space. #1. In addition to carbon flux measurements, other continuous. Breaking Dormancy And Germination Rates In WW-B. ischaemum had the lowest (1. Matures late in the. W. If you have tilled the ground it must be compacted to the point of no tire tracks can be seen after driving over it. Dahl' (jointly released in 1994 by Texas Tech, TAEX, and the Soil Conservation Service in 1994) the most recent release of Old World Bluestems and originated in India. See if you can find an old LF10 or LF12. ‘WW-B. 5 miles of 6 barb wire fence - 1/4 mile pipe fence with bumper gates for 1/4 mile pivot that windshield wipes the west half watering WW B Dahl grass - 1 water well with 2 pumps (1 for the pivot and the other for livestock - working pens - From Lamesa, TX, North on FM 179 to CR 12. This system has the advantage of reducing bothBuffel (T-4464) Grass. It is a high-yielding grass that has low fertility requirements. 8 lbs. Dahl grass than in adjacent pastures, as previously documented by Britton et al. However, on a field about one mile southwest we measured 12. The grass will not spread out of the area in was planted in, is this characteristic of the grass and it will not spread on. Unit: PLS Pound. 8 - 2. 25 milThese fields include a center-pivot irrigated pasture of WW-B. T. , 2012). 2002), (Bezanilla 2002), and (Ortega 2006). Developed by Johnston Seed Company using breeding lines licensed by Oklahoma State University. 2009. Plant Characteristics . The seed needs to be dropped directly on top of the ground. Box 369 Lockney, Texas Phone: 806-652-3504 Email: silvercreekfarm@nts-online. It has good drought tolerance and produces well under dryland or irrigated conditions. 2 - 2. It is ideal for all livestock to eat. ThisThe Grass is Always Greener on Our Side of the Fence. Maverick is powered by the fast growing, high yielding CD 90160 forage bermudagrass. Soggy Bottom; Sep 26, 2019; Replies 2 Views 3K. Dahl grows, primary abiotic characteristics were compiled where B. 0 900,000 WW-Spar Bluestem Variety Not Stated Bothriochloa ischaemum Pakistan Perennial Warm 12/1 - 6/1 1. Dahl had about one-third the fire ant mounds found in adjacent pastures of native grass or coastal bermuda (Cynodon dactylon [L. Morphological Changes Of Ww-B. University trials through out the South have confirmed that CD 90160 not only out yields its competition but also has shown to have 20% higher protein and 14% higher TDN values compared to Coastal, Cheyenne. 48 ACRES HAS OVER ONE Real Estate Ad:2905114The Brosigs ONLY work with and sell B-Dahl Bluestem Grass Seed. Thread starter Earl Thigpen; Start date Mar 19, 2007; Help Support CattleToday: E. Dahl is successfully grown in central and northern Texas. Box 369. Dahl' (jointly released in 1994 by Texas Tech, TAEX, and the Soil Conservation Service in 1994) the most recent release of Old World Bluestems and. that WW-B. 5 billion in damages. Dahl is successfully grown in central and northern Texas. WW-B Dahl grass proved to be an attractive alter-native to ranchers and farmers because this grass is favored by cattle and is very productive (Sternberg et al. Ranch Foreman), (432) 770-1482 (Van. Dahl : Red cedar mulch : Pine bark mulch : Red cypress mulch : Hardwood mulch : Basil essential oil : Citronella essential oil : Lemon essential oil : Peppermint essential oil : Tea tree essential oil : Eucalyptus essential oil : Carboxylic acids : Carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters [78,79] Alcohols : Ketonesproductivity and carbohydrate reserves in WW-B. Dahl grass for grazing and seed and several agricultural fields. However, with the depletion of the Ogallala aquifer and rising energy costs, other production systems are being considered. ] Pers). ] Pers) grass, and the difference is. Silver Creek Farm is a family owned and operated registered cow-calf operation in the Texas Panhandle. Three pasture systems for grass-fed beef that are representative of those used in the U. Gordo does not start rapid growth until summer, but. Dahl grass under dryland conditions, even in the record dry year, appears suitable to support moderateWW Spar Bluestem is a productive, highly palatable, old world bluestem grass. Zilverberg* Vivien G. cultivars are King Ranch, Plains, Ganada, WW–Spar, and WW–Iron Master. , Bowie. Additionally, WW-B. Our objective was to determine whether RIFA population densities differ among pasture grasses, and we hypothesized that ant densities would be lower in pastures with WW-B. 01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native n 0. I have heard that a lot in the area thinned and native grass has came in its place. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Dahl non-irrigated pasture combined with stocker enterprises appears to be generally competitive with non-irrigated cotton, the dominant field crop in the region. , 2020. Blake] were sampled during 3 years. The internodes are flattened. p 311, 2008. Millet, Hybrid Pearl: 48 : 30-40:. S & S Ranches. The pure WW-B. 5 miles of 6 barb wire fence - 1/4 mile pipe fence with bumper gates for 1/4 mile pivot that windshield wipes the west half watering WW B Dahl grass - 1 water well with 2 pumps (1 for the pivot and the other for livestock - working pens - From Lamesa, TX, North on FM 179 to CR 12. Dahl is successfully grown in central and northern Texas. Dahl grass than in adjacent pastures, as previously documented by Britton et al. 454 Florida Entomologist 97(2) June 2014 INTERFERENCE OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF SOLENOPSIS INVICTA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) Jie Wang, Xiaolong Qiu, ling Zeng and YiJuan Xu* Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou. WW-B Dahl Bluestem. Dahl suggest that WW-B. cross_7 Well-known member. Home. Dahl had about one-third the fire ant mounds found in adjacent pastures of native grass or coastal bermuda (Cynodon dactylon [L. The seeding rate should be 2-3 Lbs per 1,000 sq. This gives it a higher ratio of leaf to stem in mid and late summer, which promotes increased cattle gains during this time. No-Till Drill. TIFWAY TIFTON 419 BERMUDA SOD;. Resources: This tract features 806 Pecan trees with approximately 75 percent of these trees are improved varieties. [disertasi]. >WW-B. Polywire System. #1. Provides outstanding forage and or hay for cattle. ThisWW Iron Master is noteable for it’s improved cold-tolerance and adaptability to iron deficient and high pH soils. Dahl OWB is a persistent pasture grass, which has strong inhibitory effects on soil-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); however, effects of OWB on pollinators in cotton-dominated. Custom seeding available - Call for service area and pricing. Soil samples were taken at depth intervals of 0-5, 5-10, and then at 10-cm increments to 60 cm in May 2001 and inArea of Importance: Old world bluestems are now a common grass, growing on various soil types across the plains of Oklahoma and Texas, but it is typically planted on heavier textured soils. 8 kg h –1. Also highlighted are limitations or hazards to land uses that are inherent in the soil, improvements needed to overcome these limitations, and the impact that selected land. Pastures planted with WW-B. ) land to dryland or low-irrigation production of WW-B.